Different Operating Systems

               Operating System 

Our digital world is a foundation comprised of operating systems (OS). They are the programs that control a computer's or a mobile device's hardware and software resources. The market has many different operating systems with special characteristics and capabilities. This article will discuss some of the most well-liked operating systems and their main features.

 An operating system is a type of system software that delivers common computer programs and controls computer hardware and software. 

Additionally, it serves as a mediator between software and hardware.

Microsoft Windows has a market share of roughly 74.99% and is the most popular general-purpose operating system for personal computers. The various Linux distributions combined are in third place (2.81%), followed by macOS by Apple Inc. in second place (14.84%).[3] In the mobile market (which includes tablets and smartphones), Android will hold a share of 70.82% in 2020.[4]

Furthermore, these Operating Systems can be found in a wide variety of devices, including servers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and supercomputers.

One illustration is the Windows operating system. Look more closely at this operating system using Android, Linux, and macOS. 

1.  The most widely used operating system for personal computers is Windows. It is an operating system with a graphical user interface (GUI) that is simple to use and offers a variety of apps.
2. The operating system for Apple Macintosh computers is called macOS. It is an operating system with a Unix foundation that is renowned for its dependability and security.
3. Linux: Available for a variety of hardware platforms, Linux is a free and open-source operating system. It is a robust and adaptable operating system that is frequently employed in servers and embedded systems.
4. Android: Google created the Android smartphone operating system. On a variety of smartphones and tablets, it is the most widely used mobile operating system in the world.

 

 All fundamental functions, such as controlling files, processes, and memory, are handled by an operating system. As a result, the operating system serves as the resource manager for all of the resources. As a result, the operating system serves as an interface between the user and the computer. 

The following are a few advantages of utilizing an operating system:

1. Efficiency: The operating system contributes to the computer's efficiency by managing the hardware and software resources.
2. Convenience: The operating system provides a standard interface for all programs, making it simpler for users to interact with the computer.
3. Security: The operating system offers security safeguards to prevent unauthorized access to computer programs and data.

The following are some difficulties in using an operating system:

1. Operating systems are complicated pieces of software that can be challenging to understand and utilize.
2. Security: If the operating system is not set up and operated correctly, it may be a security vulnerability.
3. The operating system might not work with every piece of hardware or piece of software.
4. The operating system is, in general, an essential component of the computer system. It offers a variety of services that improve the computer's functionality, usability, and security.

Different Operating Systems

1. MS-DOS:

 Also known as Microsoft Disc Operating System, MS-DOS is a command-line operating system without graphics that was created for IBM-compatible computers with x86 microprocessors.

Features:

• Because it is a single-user operating system, only one user at a time may use it.
• Users can have direct access to the BIOS and its underlying hardware thanks to this thin operating system.
• loads information and software from outside sources into the computer's internal memory so that it can use them.
• allows the computer to carry out input and output tasks including accepting keyboard commands and publishing information on the screen.

Drawbacks:

•  Multiple users are not permitted to utilize the system simultaneously.
• The mouse cannot be used to operate it because it does not have a graphical interface.
• It cannot have more than one process running in memory since it does not support multiprogramming.
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• Memory protection was absent, resulting in a lack of security and decreased stability.
• When accessing memory that is more than 640 MB, it has trouble.

2. Windows Operating System: 

Developed by Microsoft for use on common x86 Intel and AMD processors, Windows is an operating system. It offers a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to browse between menus, dialogue boxes, buttons, tabs, and icons using a mouse rather than having to memorize command line syntax. Because the programs are presented in a square shape, the operating system was given the name Windows.

Features:

• The majority of hardware companies, including Dell, HP, and others, produce drivers for Windows because it is intended to run on any standard x86 Intel and AMD processor.
• By utilizing multi-core CPUs, enables improved performance.
• It has a ton of productivity tools preinstalled, which makes it easy to finish all kinds of daily activities on your computer.
• Because there are so many people using Windows, there is a considerably wider range of software and tools that are readily available.

Drawbacks:

• Due to the paid license for the OS and the bulk of its programs, Windows may be pricey.
• Windows has high system requirements, including needing a lot of hard drive space, ram, and a powerful graphics card.
• If a user loads up a lot of programs at once, Windows lags and hangs.
• If a user has a network with numerous PCs, Windows supports network sharing which may be helpful.

3. LINUX Operating System: 

The Linux OS is a free, cross-platform operating system that was created based on UNIX. It is an open-source project. Linus Torvalds is the developer of this operating system. The Linux kernel gave rise to the term Linux. In essence, the system software on a computer is what enables users and apps to carry out particular tasks on the device. The open-source movement was pioneered by the development of the Linux operating system, which later came to represent software collaboration.

Features:

• The best community support is available with Linux, which is free to obtain from the Internet or redistribute under GNU licenses.
• Because Linux OS is portable, it can be easily loaded on a variety of gadgets, including smartphones and tablets.
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• It has multiple users and can perform multiple tasks.

Drawbacks:

• Since there is no standard edition of Linux, it can be confusing for users and difficult for new users to get to know the system.
• Since Linux does not command the market, it is more challenging to locate programs to support user needs.
• Since most apps are created for operating systems with large user bases like Windows and Mac, some of them may not be compatible with Linux and occasionally users may not have as many options to choose between different applications as they would in Windows or Mac.

Android:

Android is a Linux-based mobile operating system developed by Google that is primarily intended for touchscreen mobile devices like tablets and smartphones. Three different architectures, ARM, Intel, and MIPS, make up the hardware that can be used to support Android. This design enables users to manipulate mobile devices naturally with finger movements that mimic common actions like pinching, swiping, and tapping, which makes these applications comfortable for users.

Features:

• The fact that the Android operating system is open source implies that anyone can use it for free.
• Android supports multimedia, GSM networking, multitasking, and visuals that are optimized for 2D and 3D.
• Android OS is renowned for its user-friendly interface and excellent ability to be customized to the preferences of the user.
• Users have a vast selection of apps to choose from because the Playstore offers over a million apps.
• The Android Software Development Kit (SDK) can be downloaded by programmers who want to easily create applications for the Android OS

Drawbacks:

• Because it relies on Java, creating intuitive modern user interfaces and experiences is challenging.
• Even when an app is dismissed by the user, it usually continues to run in the background, using the battery.
• As numerous programs operate concurrently in the background at any given time, performance is sure to suffer.
• Android phones tend to get too hot, especially when performing intensive productivity tasks or using lots of graphics.
• Users are more vulnerable to data breaches because of the lower security profiles of apps.

Mac OS:

The computer operating system (OS) for Apple laptops and desktops is called MacOS. Every Mac is run on a proprietary graphical operating system.

OSes work with the hardware of a computer to allocate the resources required to carry out tasks assigned to it, like operating an application. Memory, computational power, and file storage are allotted by OSes.

To power Macintosh personal computers (PCs), MacOS was released in 1984. The operating system contributed to the rise in popularity of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), which prompted Microsoft to abandon its user input technique in favor of GUIs for Windows OS.

Features:

:

• User interface that is simplified without sacrificing functionality.
• improved and more reliable hardware and operating system integration
• fewer security flaws or malware problems
• includes several free productivity programs
• specialized multitasking feature that is unmatched
• Syncing with iOS devices and other Apple products

Drawbacks:

• Expensive. In general, Macs cost more than Windows laptops or desktop computers.
• program with little support. For macOS, some software is either unavailable or only partially available.
• Non-upgradable. You can be limited to the hardware you buy because most Macs are difficult to upgrade.
• inadequate computer skills. Macs may not be appropriate for demanding tasks like gaming or video editing because they are not as powerful as some Windows laptops or PCs.
• Security. Although this has improved in recent years, macOS has historically been considered less secure than Windows.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, there are a variety of operating systems out there, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. The first widely used operating system was MS-DOS, which is still employed in a few embedded systems today. The most widely used operating system for personal computers is Windows, which is renowned for being user-friendly and software-compatibility. A well-liked open-source operating system called Linux is renowned for its dependability and security. The mobile operating system known as Android is installed on billions of devices globally. A well-liked operating system for Apple computers, Mac OS is renowned for its intuitive layout and usability